“Socratic dialogue” is a term that is usually associated with a pedagogy in which a teacher asks his/her students deeply probing questions about the material being considered in a classroom. The teacher does not provide answers for students; he/she answers students’ questions with more questions, encouraging the learners to delve deeply into the material and search for the answers themselves. (socratic-dialogue-and-harkness-pedagogy) 

A “Socratic dialogue” in a classroom refers to a teaching method where a teacher actively engages students through a series of probing questions, encouraging them to critically analyse information, explore their own understanding of a topic, and construct knowledge by actively participating in the discussion, rather than passively receiving information; essentially, the teacher facilitates a dialogue by asking questions that prompt deeper thinking and reflection, instead of providing direct answers.  

How it works: 

• A teacher or facilitator asks a series of questions to stimulate critical thinking.  

• The participants answer the questions, reflecting on their ideas and experiences.  

• The goal is to reach a consensus or understanding on a topic.  

What it’s used for: 

• Socratic dialogue can be used to explore moral, ethical, or social issues.  

• It can help people develop critical thinking skills and question their own assumptions.  

Key points about Socratic dialogue: 

• Focus on questioning: The teacher primarily uses open-ended questions that require students to explain their reasoning and delve deeper into the subject matter.  

• Student-centred learning: The goal is to encourage students to actively participate and take ownership of their learning by constructing their own understanding through discussion.  

• Critical thinking development: By asking probing questions, the teacher helps students identify assumptions, contradictions, and potential weaknesses in their thinking.  

Benefits of using Socratic dialogue: 

• Deeper understanding: Students are forced to think critically about concepts and engage with the material on a more profound level.  

• Improved communication skills: Students practice articulating their thoughts and defending their opinions.  

• Active learning environment: Creates a more engaging classroom where students are actively participating in the learning process.  

‘Socratic questioning is well connected to critical thinking as the art of questioning is essential to the excellence of thought. Discussing Socratic method in the classroom can help children understand the difference between it and critical thinking and start to understand the skillset of both.’ (socratic-questioning) 

Top tips for Socratic dialogue:  

• Start with a universal question that doesn’t have a right or wrong answer. 

• Ask open-ended questions that encourage reflection. 

• Avoid jargon and try to be neutral. 

• Encourage participants to actively engage with the discussion. 

 This blog was written by Bretta Townend-Jowitt, Education Consultant and Trainer.